Iberia

Iberia is the flag carrier of Spain, founded in Madrid in 1927 and one of the oldest continuously operating airlines in Europe. It commenced scheduled services between Madrid and Barcelona in its earliest years and was nationalised during the 1940s before returning to private ownership. Since 2011 it has been part of International Airlines Group (IAG), the multinational holding company that also owns British Airways, Aer Lingus and Vueling, though Iberia continues to operate under its own brand and management.

The airline's principal hub is Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, where Terminal 4 serves as a key transatlantic gateway connecting Europe with Latin America. Iberia has historically held particular strength on routes to cities such as Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Bogotá, Lima and São Paulo, complemented by a European short and medium-haul network and selected services to North America. Short-haul flying within Spain and the wider region is operated in close coordination with subsidiaries Iberia Express and the regional franchise Iberia Regional, flown by Air Nostrum.

The long-haul fleet is built around the Airbus A330 and the newer Airbus A350-900, which has progressively replaced older A340s, while short-haul operations use the Airbus A320 family including A319, A320 and A320neo aircraft. Iberia is a founding-era member of the Oneworld alliance, joining in 1999, and participates in the transatlantic joint business with British Airways, American Airlines, Aer Lingus and Finnair. Its loyalty programme, Iberia Plus, allows members to earn and redeem Avios across Oneworld and IAG partners. The airline is widely recognised for its strong Latin American network, although it continues to face competitive pressure from low-cost carriers on intra-European routes.